Food identities: biomolecular archaeology reveals multiple and dynamic social identities

The major challenge of archaeological identity studies stems from the dynamic, multidimensional, performative and contextual nature of identities, which are hard to grasp through the material remains alone. To tackle the complexities of different identity manifestations, one possible solution is to investigate the social phenomena that bridge both daily and special events, apply to all members of a community, cover different social categories, and are not limited to material culture. One of these is FOOD! Building on the concept of social foodways, FoodID sets out to reveal how ancient dietary practices reflect individual and group identities through combining cutting-edge biomolecular dietary analysis with an in-depth socio-archaeological contextualisation. This methodological conceptualisation will be applied to eastern Baltic protohistory (1000-1400AD; EBP), serving as a socio-cultural melting pot of multidimensional identity dynamics, due to its diverse foreign contacts, intensified social stratification, different religions and political power-plays. By the systematic integration of well-developed and novel biomolecular methods, applied to human skeletal remains and pottery food residues, the project will reveal a) unique high-resolution individual dietary portraits, and b) intersectional social dietary profiles reflecting multiple and dynamic identity manifestations in different EBP contexts. Furthermore, the diachronic and synchronic inter- and intrasite comparisons will help to reveal the contextual and situational nature identity negotiations. FoodID will validate dietary practices as socially embedded and actively embodied performative phenomena that invigorate multidimensional and dynamic, individual and group identities in past societies. The project will advance social dietary archaeology by building synergetic bridges between the humanities and natural sciences, and highlight cultural legacy of food in identity building in the past as well as today