Development of a methodology for interpreting the results of scientific studies on the potential health effects of wind farms and other energy production technologies in the context of Estonia.

Estonia has set a goal for renewable energy to account for 100% of the country’s electricity consumption by 2030. To achieve this, wind energy development is being promoted; however, concerns have been raised about the potential health effects of wind farms, such as noise, infrasound, and visual disturbances. As scientific studies on this topic vary in quality and content, it is crucial to compile a systematic review of evidence-based research and develop a methodology for interpreting the results in the Estonian context. The objective of the study is to develop a methodology for assessing the potential health effects of wind farms and other energy production methods and to provide recommendations for preventing and mitigating health risks. The study is conducted in two phases: (1) Analyzing potential health effects of wind farms, including impacts on cardiovascular diseases, birth outcomes, sleep, and mental health. (2) Assessing the health effects of other energy production methods (oil shale, nuclear energy, wood heating, gas power plants, and solar panels). The methodology involves conducting systematic (rapid)reviews and umbrella reviews. Data will be collected from international scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus), evaluated using the GRADE methodology, and synthesized into recommendations for preventing health effects and establishing regulatory limits.